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--- operation:operation_and_experience:user_behaviour [2015/09/13 17:23] – [Windows in the Passive House: of course they can be opened] wfeist
+++ operation:operation_and_experience:user_behaviour [2015/09/13 18:02] (current) – [Literature] wfeist
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 ===== Like early June – year round =====
-In Central Europe at the beginning of June, with typical June weather, heating is no longer required in a conventional house.  Although the average outside temperature is only around 17°C, more comfortable temperatures are prevalent inside the house due to internal heat sources and solar radiation through windows.  Sometimes it can even become too warm.  The occupants then have to open the windows.  When it becomes too cold, the windows are closed.  At the beginning of June in Central Europe almost all houses are like Passive Houses.
+In Central Europe at the beginning of June, with typical June weather, heating is no longer required in a conventional house.  Although the average outside temperature is only around 17°C, more comfortable temperatures are prevalent inside the house due to internal heat sources and solar radiation through windows.  Sometimes it can even become too warm.  The occupants then have to open the windows.  When it becomes too cold, the windows are closed.  At the beginning of June in Central Europe almost all houses are like Passive Houses. This time might be called the Goldilock-period (which is short for a conventional building; we use the term "Goldilock period" in analogy to the so called "Goldilock zone", the zone in a planetary system, where the temperatures are not too hot and not too cold - just right to offer life a suitable habitat),
-In a real Passive House, **the period during which no heating is required at all stretches across a much longer period of time**.   Depending on the location, usage and solar radiation, this period begins in March or April and ends in October or November.  During this period, in a Passive House the windows are used just like they are in conventional houses in June:
+In a real Passive House, **the period during which no heating is required at all stretches across a much longer period of time**. Depending on the location, occupation and solar radiation, this period begins in March or April and ends in October or November. The "Goldilock period" in a Passive House is an extended period, lasting several months. During this period, in a Passive House the windows are used just like they are in conventional houses in June:
 "// I open the windows when I feel like it.  If it gets too cold, I shut the windows.  Without any heating, it quickly becomes warm again inside (within 2 minutes)//",
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 \\
 |{{ :picopen:heizzeit_passivhaus_b.png?500 }}|
-|//**The heating period in a Passive House is very short. Measured values from the\\ Passive House in Darmstadt Kranichstein.**//||\\
+|//**The heating period in a Passive House is very short. Measured values from the Passive House in Darmstadt Kranichstein.** Note, that in the cool temperate climate of Central Europe, this building also does not require any active cooling during summer - the temporary shading and the passive night time flushing has been sufficient to keep temperatures in the comfort zone March - November without using active systems. //||\\
 \\
 ===== And what is it like in winter? =====
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 (from [[Operation:Operation and Experience:User behaviour#Literature|[Ebel 2001] ]]; [[http://www.bine.info/hauptnavigation/publikationen/publikation/wohnen-in-passivhaeusern/siedlung-wiesbaden-dotzheim/|extract here (in German)]])**//||\\
 \\
-The "normal" window opening behaviour in winter does not even provide for a sufficient exchange of air to guarantee an acceptable quality of indoor air.  This is indicated by the frequently occuring moisture damage in traditional houses and by direct measurement of the indoor pollution, as well as direct measurement of the air changes.  That is why the housing sector provides brochures to inform people about the necessity of carrying out intensive window ventilation on a regular basis.  **Without a ventialation system, at least every 6 hours purge ventilation has to be carried out **, during the day and at night too - see [[Planning:Building services:Ventilation:Basics:Types of ventilation]]. For ordinary users this is **bothersome and sometimes even impossible**, which is why traditional buildings are much less ventilated in winter.
+The "normal" window opening behaviour in winter does not even provide for a sufficient exchange of air to guarantee an acceptable quality of indoor air.  This is indicated by the frequently occuring moisture damage in traditional houses and by direct measurement of the indoor pollution, as well as direct measurement of the air changes.  That is why the housing sector provides brochures to inform people about the necessity of carrying out intensive window ventilation on a regular basis.  **Without a ventilation system, at least every 6 hours purge ventilation has to be carried out **, during the day and at night too - see [[Planning:Building services:Ventilation:Basics:Types of ventilation]]. For ordinary users this is **bothersome and sometimes even impossible**, which is why traditional buildings are much less ventilated in winter.
 **In the Passive House, this problem is easily solved: ** a ventilation system with heat recovery ensures an adequate supply of fresh air.  The moisture generated in the house  and indoor pollution are completely removed – whether the residents open the windows or not.  The **windows are only opened if there is a real reason for the users to do so**.\\
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 ===== And there is no excessive heat loss in spite of that? =====
-Of course, opening the windows in winter increases the heat losses and also the heating demand of a house if the heating is in operation in the Passive House  – just as it does in a conventional house.
+Of course, opening the windows in winter increases the heat losses and also the heating demand of a house if the heating is in operation, thats true in Passives Houses, too  – just as it is true in a conventional house.
 What scientists find surpising is the fact that this ** additional loss is insignificant in 95% of all cases **. The evaluation of the measured data showed that the window opening times in Passive Houses do not allow conclusions about the  heating consumption levels..\\
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 That is understandable and rightly so,  because sceptism about the new and the unknown saves one from disappointments.
-In the case of window ventilation in the Passive House,**long-term expereinces of many users are available**. Here are some statements by a Passive House resident in his own words:\\
+In the case of window ventilation in the Passive House,**long-term experiences of many users are available**. Here are some statements by a Passive House resident in his own words:\\
 \\
-"//**'Whether we want to open the windows in winter or not, and for what length of time, remains up to us **. This has an insignificant influence on the Passive House concept, especially as no-one wants to keep the windows or doors open for more than a few minutes at minus temperatures <below frost>, even in ordinary houses. As a rule, opening the windows is not required, as the  ** the ventilation system (not to be confused with an air conditioning system) continuously provides for an adequate quantity of fresh air **.  The indoor climate has a better quality of air than an average new construction, even though airing several times a day in winter is not necessary here. Mould due to humidity cannot occur in the Passive House.  In the summer, the Passive House is just like a normal house where windows are opened at night for cooling.  The house where I live was planned with 13.6 kWh  per square metre per year, and according to measurements it achieves 12.9 kWh  with actual user behaviour and without any restriction of the user behaviour: [[http://www.passivhaus-vauban.de/passivhaus.en.html|Passivhaus 'Wohnen & Arbeiten' (in English)]].//"\\
+"//**'Whether we want to open the windows in winter or not, and for what length of time, remains up to us **. This has an insignificant influence on the Passive House concept, especially as no-one wants to keep the windows or doors open for more than a few minutes at minus temperatures <below frost>, even in ordinary houses. As a rule, opening the windows is not required, as the  ** ventilation system (not to be confused with an air conditioning system) continuously provides for an adequate quantity of fresh air **.  The indoor climate has a better quality of air than an average new construction, even though airing several times a day in winter is not necessary here. Mould due to humidity cannot occur in the Passive House.  In the summer, the Passive House is just like a normal house where windows are opened at night for cooling.  The house where I live was planned with 13.6 kWh  per square metre per year, and according to measurements it achieves 12.9 kWh  with actual user behaviour and without any restriction of the user behaviour: [[http://www.passivhaus-vauban.de/passivhaus.en.html|Passivhaus 'Wohnen & Arbeiten' (in English)]].//"\\
 \\
-Now that the Passive House is no longer in the research and development phase – and in fact has been actual practice for decades –it is an easy to find out what it is really like: Passive Houses can be viewed and residents can be questioned about their experiences.  On [[http://www.ig-passivhaus.de/index.php?page_id=157&level1_id=75|International Passive House Days]] property developers and owners of Passive Houses make it possible for those who are interested in experiencing a Passive House for themselves to visit these.  The Passive House is a concept for everyone.  Every property developer, architect, building constructor or investor can and may build a Passive House.\\
+Now that the Passive House is no longer in the research and development phase – and in fact has been actual practice for decades – it is a easy to find out what it is really like: Passive Houses can be viewed and residents can be questioned about their experiences.  On [[http://www.ig-passivhaus.de/index.php?page_id=157&level1_id=75|International Passive House Days]] property developers and owners of Passive Houses make it possible for those who are interested in experiencing a Passive House for themselves to visit these.  The Passive House is a concept for everyone.  Every property developer, architect, building constructor or investor can and may build a Passive House.\\
 \\
 ===== See also ======
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 ===== Literature =====
-**[Ebel 2001]** W. Ebel, M. Großklos, T. Loga, K. Müller, B. Steinmüller: Wohnen in Passiv- und Niedrigenergiehäusern, IWU, 1. Auflage 2001 (An extract is available for free (in German): [[http://www.bine.info/hauptnavigation/publikationen/publikation/wohnen-in-passivhaeusern/siedlung-wiesbaden-dotzheim/|Wiesbaden Passive Houses settlement]]).
+**[Ebel 2001]** W. Ebel, M. Großklos, T. Loga, K. Müller, B. Steinmüller: Wohnen in Passiv- und Niedrigenergiehäusern, IWU, 1. Auflage 2001 (An extract is available for free (in German): [[http://www.bine.info/hauptnavigation/publikationen/publikation/wohnen-in-passivhaeusern/siedlung-wiesbaden-dotzheim/|Wiesbaden Passive Houses settlement]]. \\ (In this development a lot of different measurements have been made in order to check indoor air quality, opening periods of windows and the actual energy consumption. A big part of the conclusions drawn in our article comes from these measurments).
-**[Ebel, Kah 2003]** W. Ebel, O. Kah: Tracergasmessungen: Auswirkungen von Fensteröffnung bei kontrollierter Lüftung; im Tagungsband der 7. Passivhaustagung Hamburg, Passivhaus Institut, 1. Auflage 2003
+**[Ebel, Kah 2003]** W. Ebel, O. Kah: Tracergasmessungen: Auswirkungen von Fensteröffnung bei kontrollierter Lüftung; im Tagungsband der 7. Passivhaustagung Hamburg, Passivhaus Institut, 1. Auflage 2003 \\ (tracer gas measurements allow for a precise determination of actual air flows; the method has been used to determine the real amount of fresh air provided through an opened (or titled) window under otherwise normal operation of the dwellings. In this research we have learned, that the actual energy loss through a single opened window in a passive house is by far not as high as it has been suspected. That is one reason, why users may operate their windows just like they want to - as long as they close the windows again, when they start to feel uncomfortable.).